France II Division Group A

France with its own drama, if that is the word. Second division, still divided into two groups, was reshaped the prvious season and the same was following the end of 1979-80. Reasons are not clear, but again almost the whole Group A was moved to Group B and, correspondingly, the members of Group B – to Group A. Only Besancon and Angouleme remained in Group A and FC Paris and Thionville in Group B. Strange, but not new, and in any case the changes were for the next season. As for 1979-80, there was not much exciting chase in Group A. Three clubs ended far above the rest. At the bottom of the table was more interesting – the teams were relatively equal, but at the end ECAC Chaumont (18th) and Amicale Luce (17th) were relegated. Two relegated in this group, but three in the other – again, strange, and even more so – because of the following reshaping, two were relegated, but three promoted to Group A – and the other way around in Group B. But the top of the league mattered much more. RCFC Besancon finished 4th with 39 points. Those immediately above Besancon finished with 46 points, however.

En Avant Guingamp ended 3rd on worse goal-difference, it seems. It seems, because the second placed team is recorded with the same number of points and goal-difference must have been the dividing point.

Stade Rennes ended 2nd, but… they had 20 wins, 7 ties, and 6 losses. This makes 47 points, not 46. There is no indication for some penalty deducting a point from their record, so the only other reason would be a statistical mistake. Confusing that, for Rennes ended with better goal-difference than Guingamp and whether the points were real or not, they finished above Guingamp. But it was not important, because only one team was getting promoted and Rennes was not exactly a contender.

The group winners finished with comfortable lead of 5 points. 22 wins, 7 ties, 5 losses, 51 points. FC Tours reigned supreme this season. Much more than that actually: Tours won promotion for the first time – they never played top league in their history, so it was historic victory.

Their logo gives 1951 as founding year, but the club was much older – founded in 1919, although under different name. Which they changed, and then changed again to their present name. The city of Tours has Celtic roots and the name comes from the name of the settlers, belonging to the tribe or clan Turon. Hence the motto of the club, borrowed from the city’s motto. Sounds brave and proud, but the club was modest and remained modest. At last a victory.

A historic squad in terms of the club, but otherwise nothing much. Quite normal for second division club, which never played higher than that and not blessed with money. Excellent performance, perhaps helped by weak season of others, but this was not a squad strong enough to survive among the best. It was clear that new players were needed for the next year, so some of the heroes may stay only as second division heroes. Despite that, this was the greatest achievement of Tours to date.

 

Belgium the Cup

 

Title is title, but there is also the cup.

None of the big clubs reached the final, perhaps understandably so – one team underperforming, another – not at its peak, and the third perhaps too old to handle two tournaments at the same time. On the other hand, cup formats permit smaller clubs to go ahead. Waterschei and Beveren reached the final . Both clubs were nothing much in the championship and rightly so, given the squads they had. But… those were strong years for both finalists. Beveren were surprise champions the previous year and although it was clear that they were not able to stay on top, still they had good team by their standards, perhaps the best ever. Waterschei was similar in their own terms. The final was pretty much a clash of equals and Waterschei clinched 2-1 victory.

 

A great moment of triumph. One can run joyously without shoes.

Losers, but one should not be harsh on Beveren – losing the final was not a happy moment, yet, it was a success for a modest club like Beveren. They won the title just the previous year, but were not in position to fortify the team with strong new players. So the team remained the same – Jean-Marie Pfaff was becoming a big name, but goalkeeper, however great, is not enough to keep a team on top of any league. The other big name was the team’s captain Jean Jannsens – former national team player, already 36. Which spells out the predicament of Beveren… they depended on some foreigners – Germans Dieter Weichrauch (22) and Heinz Schonberger (31), and Dutch mid-fielder Wim Hokens (22), but they were anonymous players. That was all… this bunch managed to win the title in 1978-79, they played well – as much as they could – but without new and stronger players enthusiasm could not suffice for long. Beveren had no means for buying bigger names – playing the cup final was, therefore, continuation of a good run of good for a small club team. Continued success – Cup winners in 1978, champions in 1979, Cup finalists in 1980 – perhaps even more than such a squad was really capable of. Heroic squad, really. Rarely a club could have a long successful run with so limited team.

As for the winners, they were perhaps lucky not to meet one of the top 5 clubs of the country, but Beveren – an equal opponent. They had a real chance and used it.

So far K. Waterschei S.V. Thor (Genk) did not win anything – their greatest succes was losing the Cup final in 1955. This time they won – their very trophy, so the team became instantly legendary. In terms of the club itself, of course. Playing against Beveren helped, of course, but similarly to Beveren, Waterschei enjoyed their strongets ever period and maintained the good run for awhile. The team was not much, of course – typical Belgian squad of the time: not a single star, young or old. The most famous player was the Swedish national team member Per Olov Ohlsson, a fresh addition. Most of the team was together for year, including the German duo Heinz Grundel (23) and Klaus Pudelko (32). If anything, the players knew each other well and were used to play together. The real spur perhaps was the coach – the Dutch Cor Brom was hardly a great name, but he represented leading football school and coached Ajax before joining Waterschei in 1979. He utilized whatever potential this team had, perhaps even overachieving. Great success for Waterschei -a historic one. And also giving them the edge over their city rivals Winterslag.

Belgium I Division

 

From the top 6 clubs of the Belgian league, three belonged to the bulk of league in their performance: a bit stronger than most, but playing no role in the race for the title. There was a small gap of 3 points between the 7th and the 6th placed, but 6 points divided the 4th from the 3rd. The clear mark was in the number of matches lost: this trio had double the number the top three had, going into 2-digit numbers, like most of the league. But the three almost belonging to the leaders clubs had no similarities between themselves.

Lierse finished 6th with 40 points from 18 wins, 4 ties, and 12 losses. They had the third best scoring strikers in the league, though – 72 goals. High scoring strikers, but leaky defense. Not only the worst defensive record among the top 6, but also worse than Waterschei’s and Waregem’s. It looked like Lierse played all or nothing and the approach worked.

Good season, if not exceptional, for Lierse, but the make-up of the team was not promising. They looked exactly like most Belgian clubs: no big names here. Some relatively strong veterans: the goalkeepers Carl Engelen and the former national team player Frans Janssens, 35 years old. Not many foreigners either: only the Dutch striker Ronny van Poucke, who was a reserve of Anderlecht not long ago. But unlike many of his countrymen in the Belgian league van Poucke was young. And so were the local talents Erwin van den Bergh and Walter Ceulemans. Lierse had vastly experienced coach – the West German Ernst Kunnecke, unrecognizable name, but he worked in Belgium since 1969 and knew Belgian football perfectly. With his knowledge and having ambitious young strikers, seemingly he decided to let them run free and score as much as they could, hoping to prevail over most of the teams by scoring more than the opposition. It worked, but it was also rather lucky run, one year wonder – unless the squad was reinforced with few stronger players. To a point, Lierse did not belong the the best and confirming that, they finished at the bottom of the stronger group.

If Lierse were perhaps lucky, the team above them was unlucky. More than unlucky, actually – Anderlecht had disastrous season, finishing 5th, just a point better than Lierse.

Terrible season and even inexplicable, considering what Anderlecht was internationally after 1975 and in in Belgian football – ever. One of the most exciting European teams, the biggest club in Belgium… and true to that, they had the stronger and the deepest squad, as long as names mean anything: Rensenbrink and Haan led the pack. A big group of top Belgian players: Francois van der Elst, Hugo Broos, Frank Vercauteren, Gilbert van Binst, Ludo Coeck. Dutch national team defender Johnny Dusbaba. Danish international Benny Nielsen. A new goalkeeper – the Austrian highly respected national team regular Friedl Koncilia. Speaking of internal competition, the Belgian national team prospect – and future regular – Jacky Munaron was just a back-up of Koncilia this year. And another new recruit, perhaps a bit exotic and not well known in Europe, but coming as South American champions on both national team and club level – the Paraguayan star striker Enrique Villalba. Why Anderlecht underperformed this season, then? It looked like that even if this team played at 50% of their abilities, they should have been champions, but they were not even among the title contenders. It may have been a bad choice of coach – Urbain Braems was an old hand and even coached Anderlecht before, but he was not well known name and most of his career went with smaller clubs. Perhaps he was not the right man for the job and there was no chemistry between him and the star-studded squad. Perhaps it was the squad itself… as great as Anderlecht appeared on paper, it was very familiar team for the rest of the league. Everybody knew this line for years, knew how they play, their weak points – the whole league was well adjusted to this formation, which was getting older not much as individual players, but as a team and playing philosophy. Morally old. Rensenbrink, van Binst, Broos were leading Anderlecht from the beginning of the 1970s. Haan, Coeck, van der Elst, Vercauteren were also around for many years. Some were getting long in the tooth: van Binst – 29, Rensenbrink – 33, Nielsen – 29, Haan – 32, Broos – 28. Add Koncilia, who at 32 was not exactly at his last legs as a goalkeeper, but he was winner for so many years in Austria, to be really hungry for success. Anderlecht tried to do what many wealthy clubs did, falling into their own trap eventually: they tried to replace old players gradually with young talent, and usually the scheme worked well for awhile, long enough to be satisfying and thus blinding the club to the need of general shake-up and building of entirely new team. Ajax and Bayern already suffered from this concept, agonizing and losing their leadership after 1975. It was clear from aside – as long as Haan and Rensenbrink were the key players, the team will be build around them. But they over 30 and their presence was no longer fresh – if anything, they prevented the emerging of new leaders. The newcomers, as a rule ,were not at the level of the big stars, but slightly lower and not on key positions. But how to let go players like Haan and Rensenbrink… until the team led by them really falls apart. Only then heads roll down in mass.

KSC Lokeren finished 4th , a point ahead of Anderlecht. Lokeren enjoyed strong years pretty much since 1974 when the Polish star Lubanski joined the club – they were never title contenders, but normally not below 8th place, one of the consistently strong Belgian clubs, yet not favourites. Not lucky like Lierse, not suddenly underperforming like Anderlecht, but holding their position year after year.

Lokeren had either more money or better recruiting vision than most clubs in the league – they had a good group of strong players, more than normally smaller clubs had, yet, fewer than the big clubs. This gave them the edge to stay among the best without matching the strongest. To a point, Lokeren made a wild bet, which paid off – when they signed Vlodzimierz Lubanski, it was not expected that he will be even able to play, let alone restoring his form, so severe was his injury. But not only he played, but returned to excellent form so much so, that he became the first Polish playing abroad to be invited to the national team and appeared at the 1978 World Cup finals. Lokeren benefited greatly from him, including his loyalty, for he stayed with the club which gave him a chance in a hopeless situation. Now 33 years old, he perhaps was not as dangerous as he was was, but inspirational leader nevertheless. Around him a good bunch was gathered – may be not first rate players, but not journeymen either: former national team player Bob Dalving (30 years old), current members of the national team Rene Verheyen (28) and Raymond Mommens (22), experienced Dutch goalkeeper Bob Hoogenboom (31), and three young and more than promising strikers – Scottish James Bett (21), the Islandic national team player Arnor Gudjohnson (19), and big Danish centre-forward – Preben Elkjer-Larsen (23). A strong skeleton, covering every line and quite versatile – Mommens could play in either defense or attack, for instance. Elkjer-Larsen was particularly good addition – his climb to international fame really started with Lokeren. He was already West German champion with 1. FC Koln, but without making any impression – he was a reserve and moved to Lokeren right after Koln won the title. Lokeren simply had more strong players than other clubs, but most importantly, it was good mix of experienced veterans and bright and ambitious youngsters. Of course, Lokeren faced the usual problem of any smaller club: there was no way to keep young stars for long, so they had to be constantly looking for suitable replacement and staying among the best depended on their ability to spot and recruit new players. But so far – so good.

And at the very top and apart from the rest of the league were three clubs, which battled for the title. Eventually, the champions pulled ahead and finished with comfortable lead, but trio left the league far behind – Lokeran finished with 42 points and the team ahead of them with 48 points. A second club of the same city inevitably was much weaker than the their neighbour, but there was a difference in Bruxelles: of course, RWD Molenbeek could not compete with Anderlecht, but they benefited from their formidable rival like no other Belgian club in similar situation. The 1970s were the greatest years of RWD Molenbeek and they were still running strong. Strong enough to finish with bronze medals, missing silver by a point.

Molenbeek lacked enough class to be real title contenders, but they were strong. Thanks to Anderlecht, in a way: players, no longer needed by the giant, often moved to Molenbeek – a better option than going to smaller provincial towns. Thus, Jan Ruiter (34 years old) was between the goalposts and Maurice Martens (33) in defense. Ruiter was not the only Dutch in the team – add Johan Boskamp (32) , Nico Jansen (28), and newly arrived from Ajax Hans Erkens (28). Erkens was the only Dutch in the team who never played for the national team of Holland. Molenbeek two very interesting defenders too – the Belgian Michel de Wolf (22), who was soon to be part of the exciting Belgian national team, and a player, who became even greater star in the 1980s: Morten Olsen (31), the great Danish libero. One thing Molenbeek was able to do so far was precisely that: getting enough solid players to maintain strong position. They feared less than most Belgian clubs – since their best players were either already discarded by Anderlecht, or were too old to attract the interest of the big clubs, they could simply depend on new recruits of the same kind and stay among the best, for most of the league was not able to do anything similar.

Silver medals were clinched by Standard (Liege) – they edged Molenbeek by a point, but ended well below the champions. Up and coming club, the most promising Belgian team at the moment. Standard came back after the decline in the first half of the 1970s, but were still not at their peak – they had to fight for the second place, yet, were rather easily outrun by more experienced team in the race for the title.

Standard had everything in place by now: Ernst Happel was the coach and, as usual, he delivered quickly. Of course, he had the players needed for success: Michel Preud’homme (21 years old) between the goalposts, Eric Gerets (26) and Michel Renquin (25) in defense, Gerard Plessers (21) and the Islandic national team regular Asgeir Sigurvinsson (25) in midfield, the Swedish centre-forward Ralf Edstrom (28) and the Austrian winger Alfred Riedl (31) in attack. Add sometimes Belgian national team player Willy Wellens (26), the West German veteran Helmut Graf (34), the promising young striker Eddy Voordeckers (20), the solid center-back Theo Poel (29), and the former Belgian Junior national team center-forward, listed still as a Portuguese, Luis Norton de Matos (27). It was a good selection, mixing experience and young talent. In 1980 Renquin and especially Gerets became international stars. Sigurvinsson was steadily on the road of becoming more than well respected player in the 1980s, Edstrom revived his career, after a slump, leading him back to Sweden. The team was till a bit row, still a bit unfinished, not at its peak, but it was clearly a team to reckon with and there was no doubt that second place was only for the moment.

Standard was the future, but the presence belonged to FC Brugge. Confident victory this year: 24 wins, 5 ties, 5 losses, 76-31 goal-difference, 53 points. 4 more than Standard earned. Second-best scoring record and second-best defensive record. FC Brugge was solid and experienced, the edge they had over Standard.

Confident winners, confirming once again that FC Brugge had not just few strong years, but established firmly itself as the third big Belgian club and there was no way back. Easy victory, but it was not up and coming team, like Standard – it was a bit stagnated team, familiar for years, way too experienced to win a title now, but it was not going to be easy in the future. In very near future… stability was dangerous, the team was getting old. Birger Jensen was 29, Georges Leekens – 31, Walter Meeuws – 29, Jos Volders – 31, Rene Vandereycken – 27, Paul Courant – 31, Raoul Lambert – 36. Some were no longer called to play for the national team and clearly nearing the end of their careers. They were strong enough to win the title, but the policy of FC Brugge was somewhat dangerous – having old players, they looked for more of the same kind: the English striker Ray Clarke arrived from Ajax (Amsterdam) – he was 28. Laszlo Balint, the strong Hungarian center-defender, was a good addition of course, but he was already 32. Practically, players for the future were only the Danish midfielder Jan Soerensen (25) and particularly the fantastic Belgian attacking midfielder Jan Ceulemans (23). The problem was how long FC Brugge could run on experience – sooner than later the veterans were going to retire. Anderlecht underperformed this year, but they had much deeper squad than FC Brugge, and Standard was clearly to reach its peak in year or two – in a long run, FC Brugge appeared quite limited compared to the competition. But they won the title! Again. Their 4th since 1975, missing only 1978-79 – this was much, much better than Anderlecht, which won domestic trophy for the last time in 1976 and it was the Cup. Anderlecht did not win a title since 1974, Standard – much longer.

 

Belgium I Division

 

18-team strong first division, which may be was too big for Belgian football. More or less, 6 clubs were clearly stronger than the rest, then followed a big group of fairly equal teams, and at the bottom – the outsiders, which made life comfortable for most mid-table clubs. SC Hasselt was clearly below everybody else – 16th with 10 points, distinguishing itself with atrocious defensive record: they received 94 goals. Likely the worst defensive record in Europe.

SC Hasselt, or Sporting Club Hasselt, or just Hasselt was far too weak to survive in the top league. It was not they did not try – three foreign players were engaged to help them: the Moroccan striker Larbi Hazzam (28 years old), the West German striker Peter Tomaschewski (25), and finally the Dutchman Peter Ressel, the only well known name in the team. Ressel was part of the strong Feyenoord in the early 1970s, then part of the strong Anderlecht in the middle of the 1970s, and played his bit for the national team of Holland in the glory years. But he grew old… and went to easy living in North America, joining Chicago Stings. His return to Belgium was not glorious – Hasselt obviously hoped he would help, but Ressel was already 35 years old and no longer up to important tasks.

If SC Hasselt was quite predictably too weak for the top division, the club finishing just above them was usually a mid-table performer. It may had been unfortunate season of lousy form; it may had been lack of chemistry. Decline would be too strong a word for SC Charleroi – they were never great. But given the squad, their terrible performance was surprising too.

8 wins, 6 ties, 20 losses – 22 points at the end. 4 less than the club above them and relegated. Having been much stronger than SC Hasselt was no comfort. Going to second division was even less comfortable. Charleroi were small, but hardly the outsiders and it was even stranger, when one takes a look at the team: may be their Luxembourg players were not much, but if Nico Rohmann hardly rings any bell, Nico Braun have been well respected name in France, where he spent many years. The Dutch midfielder Chris Dekker was not famous either and 35 years old on top of everything, but he also had fairly good earlier career. Their captain was West German – Rainer Gebauer was with Charleroi since 1974, but he played for FC Koln before moving to Belgium. The last and may be most interesting name was Alexandre Czerniatinski, 20-years old up and coming talent. May be the most promising Belgian youngster at the moment. Apart from going down to second division, there is something else interesting and difficult to figure out: Czerniatinski was listed as Polish, thus, in the group of foreign players. Yet, the ‘foreigner’ was Belgian-born, playing for the Belgian national youth teams, and considered a prime candidate for A-national team. Why was he listed as foreigner is unclear, but he was not alone – his team-mate Antonio Iezzi was listed as an Italian, but hist professional status was ‘Belgian player’. Same with the coach Jean Piccinin. In the same time there were players in the league with clearly un-Belgian names listed simply as Belgians. Hard to tell what made the difference, but confusing it was and is, for it was difficult to distinguish foreign imports from domestic players, especially when Eastern Europeans were concerned: who was runaway refugee, who was Belgian-born, and who was proper import? This confusing issue was also applicable to African players.

No confusion with the team which finished at the safe 16th place – Berchem Sports had no foreign players, so untypical for a Belgian club.

To a point, Berchem was good surprise: without a single recognizable name and normally playing second division football, they were expected to be relegated. But the anonymous squad fought to the end, outscoring 7 clubs. They were not even in danger of relegation at the final stage of the championship, so it was quite a success, however small. They lost 15th place on worse goal-difference.

Like Berchem, Beringen finished with 26 points, but having better goal-difference, they took 15th place. Lucky, unlucky, Beringen was historically similar to Berchem and Hasselt – more familiar with second division than the first, so nothing surprising in their final standing: they survived.

What can be said of them? An additional point to the mystery of who was and who was not domestic player: if the Polish and Italian sounding names in Charleroi were listed as foreigners, it was the opposite here. Both Zenon Ziembicki and Paolo Russo were listed as Belgians. The rest of ‘strange’ names were pure imports, suggesting better place in the final table than the actual one. They all came from Holland, the country supplying the bulk of foreign players to Belgian clubs, but two of the three were not Dutch. The Yugoslavian defender Nicola Budisic came from NAC Breda, the other two from far more impressive club: PSV Eindhoven. The Welsh Nick Deacy and the Dutch Gerry Deykers. On the surface, looked like serious recruits – unless one sees the age of the palyers: only Deacy was under 30. Budisic was 33 and Deykers – 34. Clearly, at their last legs. Which was nothing, compared to the truly big name playing for Beringen: Wilfried van Moer was 35. To most, a goner… listed as ‘ex-national team player’. His heavy injuries moved him away from spotlights and from Standard (Liege) years ago. Who could tell what was coming? Van Moer had excellent season, was included again in the national team, and was one of the greatest stars at the 1980 European Championship finals. He was Beringen, the motor, the inspiration, the reason the club managed to perform relatively well and staying in the top league. A big and very unusual revival, especially considering the lowly club van Moer played with. A true star, something rare for a lowly club at the bottom of the league.

If Beringen outdid itself somewhat, the team just above them perhaps underperformed. Van Moer made news this season, but not the players of Beerschot, as one could expect. A curious team, which mostly deserves attention for historic and political reasons. On the field, they were nothing… with 27 points, they finished 14th.

The coach was Ladislav Novak, a star Czechoslovakian national team player once upon a time, who captained the silver medalists of the 1962 World Cup. As a coach, he was coach of the Czechoslovakian in the 1971-72 and in 1974 went to work in Belgium. Beerschot was the third club he coached, after Antwerpen and Lokeren. Colourful coach with colourful players: Jan Tomaszewski joined Beerschot after the 1978 World Cup. Now he was 32, not a fatal age for a goalkeeper, but one of the most famous goalkeepers of the 1970s playing for lowly club? Popular bios of Tomaszewski claim persection: he was not allowed to go abroad before turning 30 by the Polish government. Was it true is very hard to tell: Tomaszewski is known as a very outspoken, even controversial critic both of football and usual politics in Poland, but this is largely due to his activities after 1989. Back in the 1970s the normal Polish practice was to permit players to go professional in the West after they turned 28 and were not needed for the national team anymore. Tomaszewski was the number one national team goalkeeper until the 1978 World Cup, so delay of transfer may have been due to that, but the matter was not in the hands of the Polish government, but of the Football Federation. Tomaszewski was clearly in decline at the 1978 World Cup and lost his position during the finals. He was no longer coveted player when he was permitted to go abroad, which may be explaining why he ended in Beerschot. But decisions for foreign transfers made in the old Communist countries fail logical continuity of policy, so reasons remain largely mysterious: Tomaszewski was a big name, but in 1979 another Pole joined Beerschot – Stanyslas Gzyl from Gornik (Zabrze). He was 31 at the time of the transfer and never played for Poland – a rather anonymous player. Both the star and the unknown ended in Beerschot, God knows why. As for Tomaszewski, going to Beerschot made a strange reunion too – Emanuel Sanon was a veteran of the team, playing for it since 1974. Since the 1974 World Cup, that is, when the Haitian striker scored much talked about goal against Italy. Poland and Haiti were in the same preliminary group, so the former opponents met again after 4 years, this time as team-mates. Both emerged from obscurity at the 1974 World Cup, but Sanon got a contract right away – Tomaszewski had to wait, and if for the Haitian Beerschot was more or less the highest point of his career, for Tomaszewski was a step down. May be even two steps down. Yet, the two Poles and the Haitian were not the whole foreign contingent of Beerschot: a Zairian young and talented defender was in the squad, Paul Beloy Beloy. 23 years old, who came to Belgian football after a short spell in West Germany. The usual Dutch presence – Rene Mucher, who was with the club as long as Sanon. Another very young striker arrived in 1979 – 22-years old Chilean, formerly of Colo-Colo, Luis Echeverra Mena. Unknown player, but interesting anyhow, for Mena was a rare South American joining European club north from Spain and France. If most of the foreigners were either unknown or of faded fame, another two were different: Julien Cools, already 33, but still considered a national team material, arrived from FC Brugge. Classy midfielder, may be too old for his former club, but fine for a smaller one. Cools was known as ‘marathon man’ and key player during the great European years of FC Brugge. Juan Lozano, 25 years old, played along Cools in Beerschot, still listed as foreigner. Soon the Spaniard will be naturalized and included in the Belgian national team – but fame was yet to come. Beerschot had impressive squad, it seems, but failed to deliver. The stars were over the hill perhaps and the other foreigners – not good enough.

13th, a point ahead of Beerschot VAV, finished Antwerpen. If Beerschot had players suggesting higher place, their city rivals should have been higher in the table for historic reasons – never great, but usually stronger than most Belgians clubs.

Royal Antwerp or Antwerpen, or FC Antwerp… there are always confusing variations of the names of Belgian clubs, perhaps failed to recruit strong players. May be money was short, may be vision. Compared to Beerschot, Antwerpen was almost anonymous squad, lacking foreigners. Theo Custers was the big star – national team goalkeeper, losing the competition with Pfaff, but the second-best in the country at the time. The only import was Polish veteran – Miroslav Justek, 32-years old former Lech (Poznan) striker, who occasionally played for the Polish national team. A marginal player – may be solid, but never a star, and virtually unknown in Europe. That was all Antwerpen had this year, so finishing low was hardly a surprise. Yet, they finished above their city rivals. With this ends the lower group of the mid-table clubs – slightly underperforming than the others.

There was a middle mid-table group of 6 teams, which were slightly stronger than lower group, but also slightly weaker than three clubs. Not much stronger, not much weaker… the general similarity of these clubs was in their makes: they all depended on few strong players and various foreigners, normally middle-of-the-road professionals. KSV Waregem finished 12th , 3 points ahead of Antwerpen.

Of course, nobody expected miracles from Waregem – more or less, they played as ever. Not very strong, not very weak. Strong Dutch presence, beginning with the coach – Hans Croon. The players were available in every line – Rene de Jong (goalkeeper), Henny Michielsen (midfield), Pieter de Waardt, and Roland Hendricks (strikers). Nobody recognizable, but there was a difference – if the so far mentioned clubs used old veterans, Waregem had younger foreigners. Nothing special, but experienced and at their prime. The key players of the team were domestic, however – the national team defenders Marc (30 years old) and Luc (29) Millecamps. Marc was Waregem’s captain, but immediately after the end of the season Luc became famous for his performance at the 1980 European Championship. Waregem had no great squad, heavily dependent on the form of Millecamps brothers -and two players were able to keep the team at 12th place, but hardly moving it higher.

With 32 points, SK Beveren finished 11th. The surprise champions of 1978-79 plummeted down the very next season and understandably so – the club had no means for making truly strong team. The good players were few and there were part-timers. However, this was the best period in the history of modest Beveren – there will be more about them a bit later.

KSV Cercle Brugge was 10th – 32 points, but better goal-difference than Beveren. True to their predicament – their home city, as practically every Belgian town, was hardly able to maintain two strong professional clubs at the same time. FC Brugge already was the big club, so Cercle Brugge had no chance.

They were like Waregem, the same ilk: depending on the form of one or two strong players. In their case, on the veteran Dutch defender Bram van Kerkhof, and the better known Danish national team striker Soren Skov. The best known player was also defender and Dutch – Kees Krijgh, 30-years old newcomer from PSV Eindhoven. That is, one of the regulars of the great PSV Eindhoven of the 1970s, a team already aging and getting rid of players getting too old. Krijgh was never a great star, nor he was a national team player, but was famous enough as a regular of PSV Eindhoven during its best years. With him, van Kerkhof, and Skov, Cercle Brugge was able to maintain their normal position in the league.

RFC Liégeois or RFC Liege, was 9th, a club in the same predicament as Beerschot and Cercle Brugge: the smaller club in the city. Hence, mid-table position was the most they could do and the usual too. 33 points and the same as their immediate neighbours.

The Yugoslav Silvester Takac was the coach and he is mostly interesting as a footnote in the evolution of the Yugoslavian national team – in 1972 he ans Josip Skoblar offered their services to the national team, stirring perhaps the first serious debate about inclusion of foreign based player in the national team of Yugoslavia. The offer was turned down, but a crack was opened and by 1979-80 it was common practice. Since Takac played in Belgium, he knew local football and was well known in return, so it was hardly a surprise he coached RFC Liege. As for his squad, it was typical Belgian squad… largely unknown Belgians, the inevitable Dutch – Hendrik Medik, and another Dutch, listed as already naturalized – Matthijs van Toorn. Class was provided by Takac’s countryman – Edhem Sljivo, already 30-years old former midfielder of FK Sarajevo and national team player. Sljivo was highly talented – technical, imaginative, creative – but somewhat unlucky. He was actual national team player, but his appearances for Yugoslavia were rare – between 1976 and 1982 he played only 12 games, scoring 2 goals. The problem was not his capability, but the competition – unfortunately, there were strong midfielders when he was young, when he was at his peak, and when he was getting old. He coincided with Branko Oblak, not to mention others. Perhaps that was the reason he ended in lowly RFC Liege – and jumping a bit ahead, progressed from there to France and West Germany, something very unusual for a player ‘discovered’, so to say, at 30. It could be said, that his contribution kept RFC Liege in good place.

FC Winterslag had typical for that time season – right in the middle of the table. 12 wins, 11 ties, 11 losses, but rather unusual low scoring record. Belgian league normally was above the average of most countries, so 35 goals scored in 34 games seemed quite low, especially if compared to the first 10 clubs in the final table. Only 4 clubs scored less than Winterslag and it looked like the club depended heavily on domestic matches, scoring a goal and trying to keep its minimal advantage to get the points. Away, they did not care much… their defense was leaky, they received 62 goals and only the relegated two teams allowed more goals in their net. But it was all normal at the end – 8th place, 2 points ahead of RFC Liege.

Winterslag had young talented coach – Robert Waseige – who apparently utilized a limited team to the best. The squad was typical – the inevitable almost unknown Dutch players, Vim van Woerkum and Toon Wouters, and Belgian-raised, if not Belgian-born Italians, Licio D’Onofrio and Raimond Baiamonde. The only big name was Johan de Vrindt – long time national team regular and one of the top Belgian strikers for many years. But he was already 35 and inevitably his career was going downhill: he played for FC Brugge and Anderlecht at his prime, then moved a notch down to Lokeren, and from there to Winterslag. Still, his presence was important and perhaps the riving force of the otherwise modest team.

Waterschei took 7th place, 2 points ahead of Winterslag – both clubs were often at the same level, practically running together and finishing in somewhat mini-rivalry in the middle of the league.

Waterschei were almost a copy of Winterslag – good coach, few anonymous, but reliable foreigners, and one player, who may be considered a star of the team. But Waterschei achieved much more than Winterslag this season.

With them, the bulk of the league is almost complete – fairly equal clubs of the same make, depending on largely aging domestic and foreign stars, and having practically no future stars in their squads. Two more clubs belonged to the big group, but they were different, presenting a cutting edge between the leaders and the rest, so they will be placed among the top teams.

 

Belgium II Division

Belgium was the sensation of the 1980 European Championship, but before that, there was the ordinary season of the country. Since Belgian football was on ascent for quite some time, it deserves through presentation. Big and closely watch championship it was not. To a point, the success of Belgian clubs depended on Dutch players for many years. But other foreigners played their part as well and Belgium was prime destination for foreign players for a long time – the situation was bit peculiar, for on one hand Belgium allowed larger number of imports that any other European country, and on the other hand most clubs were small and unable to afford big names. Some big names were always at hand, but most foreigners were relatively unknown or old veterans to attract wider interest. Same with coaches. Finally, Belgium enlarged its top league to 18 teams and unusual system resulted: perhaps the only country in Europe with smaller second division than the first. This, to a point, reflected the difficulties facing Belgian football: there were not enough really healthy clubs. The country was small and football competed with other sports, particularly bicycle racing, for public attention. Financially, many clubs were unstable as a result and forced into amalgamations. It appeared that the Belgian Federation was determined to organize and keep a top professional league of stable clubs and the lower levels to stay semi-professional – may be there was no other way.

16-team second division had hardly recognizable abroad members this season – as ever, really. True, many clubs played top level football, but there was hardly a rising club. There was not a famous name in decline either. Rather, smallish clubs, playing now and then in the upper echelon, but never strong enough to make a lasting impression. Current form was seemingly the decisive factor – and current form depended on money, available or not. Hoeselt VV and Royale Union were too weak for the league, and finished at the bottom, separated by the rest of the league. The same happened at the top too – KV Kortrijk ended 2nd 5 points ahead of KSK Tongeren, but also 5 points behind the champions.

KAA Gent had no rivals.

Standing from left: Jaak De Koning, Erwin Vanden Daele, Luc Criel, Guy Hanssens, Roger Coenije, Willy Quipor, André Laureyssen, Marc Temmerman (kinesist)

Crouching: Filip Benoot, André Raes, Frank Nollet, Aad Koudijzer, Franky Vanhaecke.

The ‘Buffaloes’ finished first to the delight of their supporters and won the only direct promotion. The squad is unfamiliar, naturally, but obviously superior to any other in the league: they won 18 games, tied 10, and lost 2. Best attack – 53 goals, and best defense, allowing just 13 goals during the campaign.

Instead of second direct promotion, there was final promotional tournament between the 4 clubs below the champions. Racing Jet de Bruxelles (5th), K.St.-Niklase SK (4th), and KSK Tongeren (3rd) were slightly above the lower part of the league, but they have been no match to KV Kortrijk during the season – now they had a chance to top a team stronger for the whole season. It was a chance alright, but a futile one, as it turned out. K.St.-Niklase SK lost all 6 final matches. Racing Jet and KSK Tongeren were more or less equal, so, to a point, Racing Jet delivered spirited final performance and KSK Tongeren confirmed its season-long position as he third strongest second division club. Yet, none came even close to KV Kortrijk, which simply blew away the opposition, winning every one of the final matches.

There was justice after all: the rules were against the second best team during the season and there was a chance the 5th in the table to go up, but strong is strong: KVK Kortrijk won well deserved promotion.

Yugoslavia the Cup

The Cup final opposed Crvena zvezda to Dinamo (Zagreb) and considering how the opponents performed in the championship, the final should have been an easy walkover for Crvena zvezda. But this was a cup final played between Serbians and Croats and momentary form was not an issue. Dinamo won minimally the first leg in Zagreb – 1-0 on May 14. Ten days later they extracted 1-1 tie in the second leg and won the cup.

Tired and covered with mud Cup winners – it was not easy, but the trophy was going to Zagreb.

Losing finalists Crvena zvezda. How great is great? Crvena zvezda should have been a double winner if really great. Crvena zvezda, however good or bad, did not win the Cup since 1971. They played only twice at the final since 1971 and lost both times to Croatian clubs. Actually, only Croatians won the Yugoslavian Cup since 1971 – and only three times Serbian clubs played at the final.

Dinamo won its 6th Cup and the first trophy since 1969. Had to wait 10 years for that, but their coming back surely. The disastrous championship was compensated by winning the Cup and confidence was restored – it was important for a young squad. Kranjcar, Mlinaric, Ivkovic, Bogdan, Bonic, the squad had s strong group of talented young players, led by Velimir Zajec. Zajec had a miserable season – he appeared in only 13 matches, most likely because of injuries, and Dinamo was greatly affected by his absence. But he was one of the most important Yugoslavian midfielders at the time and there was no doubt he will be one of the greatest stars of the early 1980s – and Dinamo’s fate depended on him. The team underperformed, obviously not at its peak yet, but by winning the Cup, the team returned to the right path: it was the team for the near future. The 1980s started brightly for Dinamo after all.

Yugoslavia I Division

First Division was strange, because it appeared upside down – traditional favourites were at the bottom of the table and weaker clubs at the top. Decline was not the only reason, for some clubs were just unexpectedly lousy this season. And as good as some of the former outsiders were in their own terms, none was really emerging as a new powerhouse – more likely was benefiting from the weakness of others, than building their own strength. The newcomers to the league, or rather returnees, for both new clubs had been first league members for years, performed at the both ends at the scale: Vardar (Skopje) had excellent season and finished 7th. Celik (Zenica) was the league’s outsider, below everybody else and sunk to the bottom, only to return back to 2nd division. The second relegated team fought to the end lost the battle by a point – Osijek finished 17th, 7 points ahead of Celik, but unlucky.

Two clubs finished at the exact the same positions they had the year before:

Zeljeznicar (Sarajevo) was again 9th and

Rijeka – 10th. Maintaining mid-table position was perhaps satisfying for both clubs at the moment. One more club maintained its normal during the 1970s position, but it was perilous one:

Olimpija (Ljubljana) played hide and seek with relegation, concerned generally with escaping it and so far survival by a hair: 16th in 1978-79, now – 15th, but both years they finished just a point above relegation zone. This was going on for years. If Olimpija stayed where they were, a group of clubs was clearly in decline: Borac (Banja Luka), Vojvodina (Novi Sad), and most alarmingly, Partizan (Belgrade). Of the three, only Borac was familiar with the bottom end of the table – the other two traditionally were near the top. Partizan was champion in 1977-78. The league was fairly equal up to the 6th position in the final table – 6 points divided Sloboda (Tuzla), 6th, from Osijek, 17th, but the group of those fretting to the end, desperately trying to keep their place in the league included not only Olimpija, the three mentioned above, one more usual outsider – Buducnost (Titograd), but, to a point, Rijeka, Zeljeznicta, Velez (Mostar), and Dinamo (Zagreb). Different cases. Partizan (Belgrade) experienced a crisis as never before: immediately after winning their last title, they dropped 15th place, escaping relegation by a single point. This season they moved two place up the table – 13th, finishing 3 points better than unlucky Osijek. But they fooled no one: the team was fighting not for the title, but for mere survival. They finished with 32 points and finished 13th thanks, losing on goal-difference to Dinamo and lowly Buducnost. Crvena zvezda fans surely enjoyed the suffering of the arch-enemy, but the health of Partizan was to a point a measure of the health of Yugoslavian football, so it was more than just club’s crisis. Just above them, edging Partizan only on better goal-difference, finished Dinamo (Zagreb), which perhaps was even more puzzling, if not alarming:

In the previous season Dinamo lost the title only on goal-difference and were considered favourites, for the club finally made a strong new team and were perhaps the most promising side. Instead of winning the title, they struggled to stay in the league… However, Dinamo was different than Partizan – in their case, the weak season was due to the fact that the team was still young and unstable. A momentary slip, yet, a very dangerous one – and, hopefully, a good lesson for the talented bunch.

Similarly, although not to the same frightening point, the other great Croatian club underperformed: Hajduk (Split), the champions of 1978-79, underperformed a bit too and finished 5th.

Hajduk had one of the strongest, if not the best, squad in the country, but a certain tiredness was detected after 1975 – a fate they shared with Velez (Mostar). No longer improving, but rather maintaining their position, slowly moving down. The usual difficult to judge situation, preventing the club from taking big steps into rebuilding: key stars were around, leading the club, solid players assisted them, and young talent was constantly included. Tomislav Ivic was coaching them. Surjak and Muzinic were the stars, famed from the last Yugoslavian appearance at World Cup finals. But it was in 1974… and the stars had few teammates of the same year still: Rozic, Luketin, and Salov. The next generation grew up along the quartet of not old yet ‘veterans’ – Katalinic was a prime representative, for he reached the national team, but in the same time competition – Budimcevic – was elbowing him. And there was the newest generation at hand: Zoran and Zlatko Vujovic, Ivan Gudelj, Davor Cop. Something was not quite right… and few experienced players were added: Boro Primorac from Velez (Mostar), for instance. It was not like Hajduk – the traditional policy was dependance on home grown talent, not on stars recruited from elsewhere. A good team, yet, not at the level of the team of the first half of the 1970s, when players like Salov and Luketin were mere reserves, not key starters. Velez (Mostar) was in similar position too.

So, which were the improving teams? Sloboda (Tuzla) surely.

Second row from left: Verlasevic, Meskovic, Dzafic, Mujezinovic, Divanefendic, Mehinovic, Mulahasanovic, Cvetkovic, Hadzic M, Dzambic, Miljanovic.

Crouching: Hadzic I, Huseljic, Smajlagic, Sabitovic (fizio), Kovacevic, Sarajlic, Gerum (coach), Gogic, Memisevic, Tomic, Malisevic, Ibric, Geca.

Normally a lowly club, Sloboda experienced a great period at the end of the 1970s – they were 8th the prvious season, now they finished 6th. A strong team by their measures, enforced by the former Hajduk (Split) goalkeeper Rizah Meskovic, who returned from Holland, but compared to Hajduk, the squad was very limited. Strong by local measures, but on national scale rather taking advantage by the weakness of others. Sloboda already moved to the upper part of the table, so nothing really new – the big jump ahead was made by two other traditionally lowly clubs: Napredak (Krusevac) and Radnicki (Nis). They finished with 39 points each, so 3rd and 4th place were decided by goal-difference.

Napredak was unlucky and ended 4th, but what a season they had! The previous year they were still fighting for survival and finished 14th, safe only by a single point. This season they jumped 10 places higher, losing bronze medals by chance.

Radnicki (Nis) clinched 3rd place, but they already moved up, so it was rather a continuation of strong period. Strong period? This was their greatest year in history – never before Radnicki got medals! Such achievement usually stay forever in the memory of club and fans, but apparently nobody thought this squad really capable of finishing that high – there is not a single photo of it circulating today! A season, surprising everybody, then… and not so great team, but rather using fortunate circumstances. Radnicki managed to prolong their good play, but the only great player they had was the goalkeeper Dragan Pantelic, who was not stay for long with the club.

Pantelic was noticed not only for his goalkeeping skills, but for his goals – with 7 goals, he was the third scorer of Radnicki this season. At that time it was highly unusual for keepers to score goals.

The up and coming teams were not really strong – neither Sloboda, nor Radnicki, nor Napredak – they had to enjoy their short success, grateful, if good luck lasted a little longer (and clubs like Partizan remained in shambles for a year or two).

At the end, there were only two clubs competing for the title – if that is the word, for the champions finished 7 points clear of the silver medalists. Unusual season, indeed – one team had strong first half of the championship and another – the second half. Inconsistency seemingly ruled.

FK Sarajevo finished as the leader at the end of the fall season. Not exactly a big surprise – they had a good squad, led by arguably the best Yugoslavian player at the moment, Safet Susic. Predrag Pasic was the second big star, young and rapidly establishing himself as one of the very best. There were also Faruk Hadzibegic, Zoran Lukic, Zelimir Vidovic, Haris Smajic, perhaps a few more. Good squad, led by fantastic player, but not a great squad and actually coming short in almost every line. Not enough depth too – especially when compared to Crvena zvezda. Sarajevo finished firt before the winter break, but in the spring Crvena zvezda stepped on the pedal and quite easily left Sarajevo in the dust.

19 wins, 10 ties, 5 losses, 54-26 goal-difference, 48 points and 13th title. Familiar victor – Crvena zvezda. Not point even counting their trophies, even when the number is fatal 13.

Good coach and studded with national team players squad. Perhaps not as great as some previous generations, but Crvena zvezda had most of the current Yugoslavian stars at their peak – at the best age, vastly experienced, well fitting together, coming from the best international season of the club – they played at the UEFA Cup final in the previous season. Most importantly, this was squad with depth: Vladimir Petrovic was the leader and the great star, and around him – Savic, Sestic, Djurovski, Krmpotic, Milosavljevic, Jovin, Jurisic, Jovanovic (in the fall), Muslin, up and coming Repcic and Filipovic. Well rounded team, competitive players, strong reserves, the best squad at the moment. A bit sluggish in the fall, they were flying in the spring. Inevitable foreign transfers seemingly were not going to affect the team, because there were just as good players behind the current stars and Crvena zvezda was always able to get talent from other Yugoslavian clubs. Seemingly, supreme.

 

Yugoslavia II Division

Quite unusual season in Yugoslavia – the next generation was supposed to be firmly in charge, but somehow it was not so, judging by the alarming performance of some clubs. But Yugoslavian players maintained their great reputation in Europe and a new height was reached in January 1980, when Manchester United paid 300 000 pounds to Crvena zvezda to get 28-years old defender Nikola Jovanovic. Thus, Jovanovic became not only the most expensive Yugoslavian player to that date, but also the first non-British player to appear for Manchester United (Carlo Sartori was Italian-born, but grew up in England and was a product of Manchester United youth system).

Nikola Jovanovic, a new Manchester United player – and one of the 10 biggest flops in the history of the club.

There were a whole bunch of exciting players, coming to their best age, but curiously their teams underperformed. Of course, they were not playing in the second division, which, divided into two leagues, to a point supported the strangeness of this season. One league was closely contested, but the other was not at all.

The East Second Division – II Savezna Liga Istok – practically had more than half the league eying the promotional spot: 9 out of 16 teams. Eventually, some teams lost steam, but at the end Galenika (Zemun) was 4th with 36 points and ahead of them were three clubs with 37 points. Goal-difference decided the winner – the margin was a single goal! Radnicki (Kragujevac) had +23 and finished 2nd. The winners were really lucky.

OFK Beograd, familiar name, indeed. They were relegated the previous season and came back to their usual habitat immediately, but apart from that there was little reason for joy: the team was just lucky to clinch first place, not actually having been stronger than most of their opponents. The decline set after 1975, leading them to relegation and the lucky promotion did not suggest the crisis was over.

The West Second Division – II Savezna Liga Zapad – was entirely different story. Only Spartak (Subotica) and Dinamo (Vinkovci) came near the dominant leader – and finished 6 points behind. There was really only one club determined to be promoted and much stronger than the rest of the league. They were also relegated along with OFK Beograd the previous season.

This may not be a picture of the actual season, but is from the period in question – NK Zagreb, confident winners of the West Second Division. Going back to top flight was perhaps more of a problem for other clubs – NK Zagreb were never very strong, but usually gave headaches to the strongest teams, particularly Partizan (Belgrade). Like OFK Beograd, their concern was going to be mere survival, but at least they were dominant winners of their league and had reason to be more optimistic of the future.

As a whole, the season in the second division suggested no change – those, coming from the top division were stronger than the other second division teams. That is, not new team was rising – talented Yugoslavian football was, but still talent was concentrated in the best clubs and seemingly nobody else had a chance. Also, the traditional stronger clubs belonged to Serbia and Croatia – even the second division maintained the status quo: not only the winners represented Serbia and Croatia, but the teams immediately below them: OFK Beograd, Radnicki (Kragujevac), Bor (Bor), Galenika (Zemun) were the first 4 teams in the East; NK Zagreb first, and Dinamo (Vinkovci) third in the West.

 

The First Soviet Export

There was an event in Soviet football, which was both significant and mysterious: in 1980 a player was transferred to Western club for the first time. The general public learned about it largely after 1990! Some details remain unknown even to the transferred player to this very day. There are issues of historic and statistical nature difficult to clarify as a consequence. Relatively easy part of the long lasting problems is whether this transfer belongs to 1979-80 or to 1980-81 season. It is a common problem, concerning the difference between European seasons: in the North, and USSR, the season was in one year: Spring-Fall. Most of the Europe has Fall-Spring season, covering two years. So, the player was transferred during the 1980 Soviet season, but as far as the receiving country, Austria, is concerned, it was a rather late transfer for the 1980-81 season. Anatoly Zinchenko joined Rapid (Vienna) in October 1980. His contract was for one year, but eventually he played for Rapid until 1983. The secrecy of his transfer was so big, that when Dinamo (Moscow) arrived in Vienna to play and he went to meet the team, Dinamo players simply laughed when he told them he plays for Rapid – they thought it a joke. The general perception in USSR was that Zinchenko retired from football. Unfortunately, the transfer was not just a football matter – it was almost entirely ideological and political, hence, the mystery. A mystery so deep, that when I saw a photo of Rapid and recognized Zinchenko in it, my first thought was that he defected. The whole story is weird.

Who was Anatoly Zinchenko? Almost nobody by 1980. Born in 1949, he started early and was bright, very promising center-forward in the late 1960s. His first season was with Traktor (Volgograd) – he played 2 years for them, 1967-68, and was recruited by stronger club – SKA (Rostov). He played for SKA from 1968 to 1971.

Dangerous young striker: Zinchenko, on the right, playing his last season for SKA (Rostov) in 1971. After the end of the season, he moved to Zenit (Leningrad). A step up – Zenit was not much at the time, but on one hand SKA was an Army club and unless one wanted to join permanently, the time playing for such a club was limited to the obligatory military service. Those were lean years for SKA too – they finished 14th, barely escaping relegation in 1971, and better players were willing to move to stronger clubs. Zenit was much preferable option and Zinchenko was happy, because he quickly found wonderful partner – the left-winger Khromchenkov. The pair enjoyed excellent 1972 season and both were voted among the 33-best players of the season at the end. Perhaps this was the finest season of Zinchenko, evidently rising and still only 23-years old. He already debuted for the national team and looked like he will be a big star soon. 1973 certainly suggested so, but there was also a dark side: a new coach arrived in 1973. German Zonin, who made Zarya (Voroshilovgrad) champions in 1972, took the reigns of Zenit in 1973.

Zenit 1973 – everything looks great: German Zonin (2nd from rigth), would certainly elevate this team up. With Zinchenko’s help, of course – he is standing right of the middle, 7th from left or right, it does not matter, as becoming for a center-forward. But it was not so great – eventually, Zonin and Zinchenko clashed. As often is the case, the player was unhappy with disciplinarian coach and the coach – with lazy or unruly player. Instead of becoming a big star, Zinchenko faded and by 1975 his relations with Zonin were so strained, he decided to leave Zenit. But by 1975 he was no longer a hot player… and he moved to Dinamo (Leningrad), the smaller club of the city, which immediately took Zinchenko out of circulation: Dinamo struggled in 3rd and 2nd division. It was a club where old players went to have some easy last year or two. Suddenly, Zinchenko was a veteran… he disappeared from sight. However, Yury Morozov became Zenit’s coach in 1979 and he remembered Zinchenko and brought him back to Zenit. He was listed in the team at the beginning of 1980 season, but playing in the lower divisions already took its tall: he never came even close to his ancient form and rarely played. By 1980 few remembered him, he was not interesting news for years already, and Zinchenko decided to retire – he was 31, but, even in his own eyes, finished for the game.

His obscurity was also due to his few games for the national team – only 3 times he played for USSR, scoring one goal. He debuted in 1967 against Yugoslavia and scored his only goal for the national team. Then a long pause followed – he played his second match in 1973 against Bulgaria and soon his 3rd – against Brazil.

Zinchenko with a fierce header against Brazil. Looks fine… on paper. USSR lost both matches in which Zinchenko played – 0-1 to Bulgaria and 0-1 to Brazil. This match, played in Moscow on June 21st, 1973 was his last for the national team. And his career went downhill after that, so this game may be the highest point of his career – 7 years later, he was a nobody. No wonder his absence went unnoticed.

Meantime, Rapid (Vienna) sold Hans Krankl to Barcelona and badly needed a good replacement. It became a Communist Party matter… Rapid had traditionally very close ties with Austrian Left: it was founded as a ‘workers club’ after all. The Austrian Communist Party had close relations with the Soviet Communist Party. The chief-editor of the ACP newspaper decided to get a Soviet player and was instrumental for the transfer. Negotiations started in March 1980. Zinchenko was informed by his coach Yury Morozov, so he postponed his retirement until the matter was settled. It was not something believable, the issue moved slowly from Party levels to the Soviet sport committee, to the difficulty who and how to handle transfer with Western club. Permission to transfer a player to the West was one thing, who to transfer – another. The Austrians wanted Blokhin. They wanted Konkov. They wanted Kolotov. For the Soviets, such players were out of the question. A veteran of Ararat (Erevan) was considered – Kovalenko – which is a hint of the nature of Soviet considerations. The Austrians wanted experienced player with a name. This was perhaps the common ground: the Soviets were willing to consider only experienced players: ‘mature’ men, near the end of their careers, already settled down, so be trusted they would not defect and embarrass USSR. That was the common practice in every East European country, for the same reasons: players no longer needed for the national team and old enough to have families and other strong attachments to the ‘motherland’. Fame was difficult issue: a famous player would be noted by the fans. Blokhin, Kolotov, and Konkov were out of the question – Kovalenko and Zinchenko were in. On one hand, they could have passed for ‘famous’ players – by old reputation. On the other hand, nobody remembered them anymore to pay attention their sudden absence. Zinchenko was the best, because he practically disappeared from sight in 1976. Three other things worked in his favour: Soviet sportsmen’s ‘moral character’ was scrutinized, especially of those playing for the national teams, thus, going abroad – Zinchenko had favourable report: not involved with ‘criminal structures’. The second was connections: Zinchenko knew and was on good terms with bureaucrats of sports governing bodies. His coach, Yury Morozov, was also on good terms with such people and put a word here and there. The third was of general nature: players, belonging to Army and Police clubs – that is, whoever played for all clubs named Dinamo and SKA – were officially officers and automatically unfit for transfer abroad. This explains part of the reasons Blokhin and Konkov, Dinamo Kiev players, were out of the question and also explains why Dinamo Moscow laughed when Zinchenko met them in Vienna and told them he was playing for Rapid – they could not imagine such thing. All reasons eventually belong to ideological politics, boiling down to the problem Soviets were facing: the transfer had to be kept out of public knowledge, for ‘Soviet sport’ was superior to ‘degrading’ professional sport. And along with that, if a football player could work in the West, why not other sportsmen, and by extension, why not everybody? Domestic reasons, but not only: Austrian Communist Party and Rapid were friendly entities, but still at the other side of the Iron curtain – why helping the ‘enemy’ with strong player? Sooner or later, they may play against ‘us’ – and benefit at ‘our’ expense and from ‘our’ generosity. Better give them somebody not so good – an almost retired player was just perfect.

But this brings the question why Austria was the first permitted destination – foreign clubs were interested obtaining Soviet players for years and surely Spanish or West German club would pay more than Austrian one. Now a hint comes from another sport: USSR exported hockey players since the early 1970s. The first country was Austria, followed by Finland and Japan. Part of the reason was political – nobody paid attention to the post-Second World War peace treaties for years, but USSR had special ones with both Austria and Finland, which made it easy to put pressure and prevent possible defection. Austria was safer from Soviet perspective than other Western countries, so they exported old hockey players there and the formula was established: no Dinamo or CSKA player ever went abroad, but Spartak Moscow players did. The International Hockey Federation’s rules helped the Soviets in their own efforts to hide professional contracts: since under those rules every European player was mere amateur, USSR did not export professional players, but, officially, coaches. Who, once in Austria, transformed into playing coaches – and played. Nobody defected, which was a good sign for risking a football player. It was not possible to make Zinchenko ‘a coach’, but another way was found – Zinchenko not only never signed the contract with the Austrians – he never even saw it! The terms remain unknown to him to this very day. It was never made public. It was not a contract between clubs – Zenit was not involved, not even the Soviet Football Federation was directly involved: it was a contract bargained and signed by entirely different organization and Zinchenko went to Vienna as ‘engineer’ employed by ‘Soyuzvneshtechnika’, a body dealing with specialists permitted to work abroad. Zinchenko was paid by this organization, receiving his salary – in special vouchers Soviets had for such workers, giving him the right to shop in the special Soviet stores using hard currency – in the Soviet Embassy in Vienna. At the end, Zinchenko lost most of his payment – his salary was paid in special vouchers, exchangeable for goods in those hard currency stores, so, he was unable to spend them in Austria, and had little use for them back in Leningrad. He kept those vouchers at home for years and when USSR collapsed found himself with pile of useless paper. Anyhow, Zinchenko went to Vienna not as a football player, but as some kind of engineer. The news was not mentioned in any big publication, so it remained unknown and stayed so until the end of USSR, when players already were moving abroad and purely historic question emerged who was the first one. Then at last Zinchenko’s story was published.

So big and dark was the iron curtain, that Zinchenko was not even quite sure where was he going to play. Nothing was simple – for some mysterious reason his plane ticket was difficult ‘to make’. At last he was informed by a brief telegram: ‘Your flight to Vienna is scheduled at…’. According to Zinchenko, he believed that all this is real only when he got the telegram. His Zenit’s teammate Kazachenok told him that Rapid is like Dinamo Moscow, ‘a club never winning anything’, which gave the impression to Zinchenko that he was joining some small insignificant club. In Vienna he arrived late – at the end of October. Half an year passed and not exactly in negotiations of contract terms. Rapid received his new player at last, Zinchenko, not knowing a word of German, was shaken when he was introduced to the team and the fans – it was too lavish for ‘a small club’ he thought he went to. He was received well and also helped with money: his Croatian coach, Otto Baric, knew very well the weird terms of the contract and passed personally to Zinchenko the playing bonuses. The Soviet negotiators were not aware of such practice – the bonuses were the more important part of the earnings of players than their fixed salaries – and the contract said nothing of them. Unfortunately, bonuses were also public knowledge and regularly published in the Austrian press, so the Embassy learned about them and Zinchenko had to lie constantly that he got no money, but material bonuses: furniture, clothes , appliances. Baric warned him to keep these payments secret and to a point, those were the money Zinchenko lived from in Austria – his ‘official’ salary in vouchers was leaving him penniless in fact. He trained well, played well, became an important regular of the team, and stayed 3 years with Rapid instead of the original one.

But the question who was the first Soviet player to play abroad remains. Zinchenko was not really the very first. A few Soviet players played in East German Second Division in 1979-80. May be some appeared earlier. Some played in Israel perhaps since the 1960s, when Jews were permitted to emigrate. Vassilis Hadzipanagis went to Greece in 1975. Then Armenian player appeared in USA – and returned back to Ararat (Erevan). Perhaps, the correct term would be that Zinchenko was the first Soviet player officially permitted to go abroad as a player. The previous cases were in a different category: ‘repatriation’. The Jewish players were mostly kids, going to Israel and USA with their parents. There was no even faintly known player among them. Hadzipanagis, although born in USSR, was the son of Greek political emigrants and did not have Soviet citizenship until called to play for the Junior national team – but he also played for the Soviet Olympic and A national team. Officially, he was permitted to ‘repatriate’, although it was known not only that he was going to play, but also the club which signed him and more than likely paid to some Soviet authority. Avetis Ovsepyan was not even in born in USSR, but in Tehran, Iran – his family emigrated first to USSR, but in the mid-1970s got permission to move to USA. Although in smaller numbers, Armenians were permitted occasionally to ‘repatriate’ similarly to the Jews. Football was not even an issue, but once in USA, Ovsepyan decided to make a living as a professional player, failed, and went back to USSR. And had to participate to the farce prescribed for returning traitors: to tell horrors of the cruel life in capitalist society, to confess his ‘mistakes’ with tears in his eyes, and to beg all Soviet people for forgiveness and to be permitted to join them, repentant, yet, stained by his ultimately unforgivable sin. Ovsepyan was permitted to play and although his career was going steadily downhill, he was still Ararat player in 1980. Those, who played in DDR were entirely different case: they were officers and soldiers, stationed in DDR. The better known names were veterans well over 30 and not interesting as players anymore to the Soviet clubs. It was purely military assignment having nothing to do with football. Once in DDR, some kind of almost benevolent deal was made locally: players were allowed to play for the local club, because there was no other; local authorities, knowing the reputation of some of the players, perhaps asked the local Soviet Army commander to give the a bit of help; may be some money were moved quietly from one pocket to another, but it was a matter entirely outside the Soviet football authorities: it was between the Army and local German officials, no special permits were needed, for nobody was going anywhere – the players still belonged to the Army and could be moved elsewhere, if the Army ordered them so. Strictly speaking, none of the Soviet footballers playing abroad before Zinchenko went abroad explicitly to play. But strictly speaking, Zinchenko was not permitted to go to Vienna as a player either – he was merely a ‘Soviet specialist’ allowed to work (help) abroad as an ‘engineer’, employed by Soviet organization and receiving Soviet salary, not paid directly from Rapid. He had no contract with Rapid , like those playing in DDR, and unlike Ovsepyan and Hadzipanagis. Apart from ideological and political concerns, the Soviets had no legal mechanism for such occasions and transfers of players was slow, painful, extremely puzzling and bureaucratic process until the collapse of USSR. Zinchenko was kept on tip-toes for half and year, not even believing the transfer real. Seemingly, even getting a ticket for a flight to Vienna was difficult issue, dragged in secrecy as long as possible. No wonder Zinchenko was almost shell-shocked at his arrival at his new club.

If we discard those playing in DDR, Zinchenko could be considered the first Soviet player transferred to the West only by ethnicity: not Greek, Armenian, or Jewish. This is crazy argument and never voiced out, but what else is left to support the claim? Statistics? Rapid was the last club Zinchenko played for – and so is Iraklis (Saloniki) for Hadzipanagis. Whatever statistics exist for Ovsepyan omit the US club he briefly played for. Mikhail Forkash, who played in DDR from 1977 to 1982, has his German club added to his biography occasionally and only recently (with a question mark for the number of games he played – they remain unknown so far). Marian Plakhetko, who played in East Germany from 1976 to 1980 has East German club and number of matches for it added only recently. Neither Forkash (1 match for USSR), nor Plakhetko (2 matches) was big national team star – but then neither Zinchenko, nor Hadzipanagis have better records. However, today Forkash and Plakhetko appear as Ukrainians… and Zinchenko is? Russian? According to birthplace, judged by today’s political geography? Going picky, ‘Zinchenko’ is not purely Russian name. Was he the first Soviet player to appear for foreign club? Well, it took more than 10 years for journalists and football historians in USSR/Russia to find out he played abroad and even longer ‘to discover’ Forkash and Plakhetko. By the time of ‘discovery’, foreign transfers were nothing new, so the general public was hardly impressed. One things is sure, though: there was gap of few years before another Soviet player was transferred to a Western club and the second transfer was no longer kept in secret, but was instant news.

There is one more aspect to Zinchenko’s transfer – the year. In 1980 other Eastern bloc countries carefully started the export of players. Czechoslovakia (for the first time after a brief period related to the ‘Prague Spring’ in the late 1960s), Romania (exporting players in the 1960s, but stopped in the beginning of the 1970s), Bulgaria (for the first time ever – the few players, who went abroad in the 1940s, officially moved to study, but the Communist rule had not yet entirely stifled the country – no player went abroad after 1946, except a single defector). It is unlikely that export was orchestrated – more likely Eastern European football officials were just watching the ‘mood’ in USSR, and seeing it not severely prohibitive, made their moves. But the pattern was the same everywhere: old, nearing retirement players, but very famous, preferably from smaller provincial clubs. One player at first, as an ‘exception’, then a pause, then eventually a second ‘exception’, then making official – but not publicized very much – rule, stipulating who would be suitable: players over 28 years of age. The Football Federation was the body dealing with foreign transfers – the clubs and the players were not a party. ‘Friendly’ countries were the first destinations: Austria, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal, France. So many similarities to be mere co-incident. It took years until Eastern European started making more meaningful – in terms of money and playing careers – transfers: big clubs, asking for current stars continued to be refused. To a point, it looked like the Soviets gave a tiny signal that it is no longer forbidden to export players and get some hard cash for them, the satellites jumped eagerly on the opportunity, and the Soviets set back to watch what could happen, until making their mind at last – and falling behind all others in the process, except DDR (and not counting Albania, for it was not in the Soviet camp). If Soviets gave a signal, even without having that in mind, they were so slow, that when Zinchenko arrived in Vienna, there were already Eastern European players, whose federations started negotiations after USSR, but completed them much quicker. Thus, Zinchenko had Antonin Panenka as team-mate in Rapid, and had to play against the Bulgarian striker Petko Petkov, who joined Austria (Vienna).

Anatoly Zinchenko in Rapid shirt at last. It did not look like a great deal… getting almost retired player, but Rapid gambled not only with him: the Czechoslovaks agreed to transfer Panenka only as a package – the 38-years old Frantisek Vesely was the other part. Either both, or no Panenka. Yet, the gamble worked – Zinchenko settled well. His original contract of one year was extended and played 3 seasons. When Hans Krankl returned to Rapid, he was more than pleased having Zinchenko as a team-mate and urged the club to keep him. Contrary to expectations, Zinchenko was a success in Austria. Unfortunately, he arrived too old… three years later he was too old for a new extension. Perhaps if Otto Baric was still coaching Rapid in 1983, Zinchenko would have been kept a bit longer – but Baric was gone and the new coach had different ideas. Zinchenko returned to Leningrad, where nobody believed that he was absent from the city because he played 3 years for Rapid. But all that was still in the unknown future – in 1980 the long saga of the first Soviet transfer of a player to Western club dragged on until its risky completion. As for Soviet fears of ‘defection’ and ‘betrayal of motherland’… technically, they had justifiable reasons to be cautious: Otto Baric offered coaching position to Zinchenko, a simple thing for the Croatian, who did not care much what the Soviets would think – if they do not give permission, so what? Stay anyway, the job is yours. Zinchenko refused, because he was very nostalgic for Leningrad – according to him, nostalgia was almost unbearable and the most difficult aspect of life to deal with in Vienna.

What of Zinchenko, as a person jumping into the unknown, then? Given the circumstances, failure not just on the pitch, was more than likely. The culture shock was too big – according to him, he was ‘just an ordinary Soviet person of his time’. Ignorant of life in ‘capitalist society’, perhaps even fearful. But Zinchenko says to this very day that he adapted well, felt no hostility, was pleasantly surprised that politics did not appear in the dressing room and his team-mates were more than friendly. He learned German, befriended local people, enjoyed Vienna, had no problems with the club – he maintains fond memories of his stay in every aspect of life. He quickly returned to his long gone great from and had a revival, as if it was 1972 again. Obviously, a good professional, perhaps lucky, to find himself in the right club and with right team-mates and coach. Compared to a big deal of the next Soviet exports, Zinchenko’s is a success story – Blokhin was way too old to make impression, when finally transferred to Austrian club; others were not transferred to suitable club for one or another reason; some failed to adapt to professional demands and Western lifestyle; and some were cheated by either careless contracts or dishonest clubs. And there were injuries after all. Zinchenko had no such problems and remains as a truly success story (apart from the Soviet aspects of it and his post-Vienna financial misfortunes, entirely related to the way he was paid by his ‘official’ Soviet employer). Speculatively, perhaps the only mistake he made was refusing Baric’s offer to become his assistant – Zinchenko’s coaching career was far from good in USSR, coming close a failure. But this has nothing to do with his years playing for Rapid.

USSR the Cup

The Cup final opposed Dinamo (Tbilisi) and Shakhter (Donetzk). The due of the second best Soviet teams at the time, both playing solid football for years. Dinamo won the Cup in 1979, Shakhter was the losing finalist in 1978. Dinamo was strong for the most of the championship this year, but Shakhter started sluggishly, eventually improving its game and climbing up the table. Technically, the second best Soviet teams, but they eliminated the best in the semi-finals: Dinamo (Tbilisi) won over Dinamo (Kiev) 2-1 and Shakhter – Spartak 1-0. Curiously, Shakhter’s coach stated that the Cup is their goal back in winter, before the start of the season – and so far, those were not empty words. The finalists were also teams with peculiar styles, each loved by fans and observers, led by great personalities – Kipiani and Starukhin, the players actually shaping the styles of their clubs. Both great scorers too. Starukhin was the number one Soviet player in 1979, Kipiani – if not the greatest Soviet star at the time, perhaps the most loved for his creativity and technical skills. The clash was promising and 50 000 fans were not disappointed. The attendance was 15 000 lower than the 1979 final, but the final traditionally was played in Moscow and both finalists were provincial on one hand and on the other, the Cup final was no great show the previous year. Yet, the final in 1978 attracted only 22 000 and the last all-Moscovite final played – in 1977 – 45 000. The opponents had some problems – the regular goalkeeper of Shakhter, Yury Degtyarev, was out with heavy injury, and there was no certainty that Dinamo will be able to field Vladimir Gutzaev, their most dangerous, but also very moody striker. Gutzaev did not start the game, but came out in the second half – the wisdom of such decision was questionable. Shakhter had no option, but to play its second goalkeeper, which was beneficial in two ways: first, to the team. Viktor Chanov was known for his long kicks, bringing the ball deep in the opposition’s half of the pitch, which served Shakhter’s style very well. Second, the talented keeper so far was warming the bench and perhaps this match brought real attention to him. Of course, he was in tough situation – there was Degtyarev, a national team player, plus his own brother Vyacheslav Chanov and young Viktor hardly ever played. But Vyacheslav, himself tired of warming the bench, moved to Torpedo (Moscow) and Degtyarev got injury – Viktor had a good chance and jumped on it. Apart from Degtyarev and Gutzaev, the finalists had no problems and came out in familiar formations, both playing 4-4-2, but the similarity obscures the differences: Shakhter depended heavily of its English-style center-forward Vitaly Starukhin, so space was left open for him in front and the midfielders generally had the role to feed him. The Georgians depended on Kipiani – a great playmaker and dangerous striker, starting his forays from deep back. Dinamo usually needed just two wingers, leaving the central space free for Kipiani. Anyhow, the final started well and kept the fans on tip-toes to the end.

Dinamo got the upper hand at first, successfully killing Shakhter’s attacks with the off-side trap and Kipiani conducting their own attacks from midfield. They scored in the 11th minute, but the referee signaled an off-side. Since the opponents knew each other perfectly, tiny details were important, may be decisive: as expected, Dinamo attached personal marker to Starukhin, Chilaya. During the match this decision was felt wrong – not the personal marking, but the man assigned to do it. Chivadze was perhaps the right man – Starukhin was an old fox, familiar with personal markers for years. He wandered sluggishly around, seemingly disinterested and out of the game, scratching his head, not looking for the ball, but then, out of the blue and surprising his marker, he was with the ball in dangerous position. He almost scored out of nothing, but in the 24th minute he did, outsmarting the Gergian defense: there was a free kick in front of Dinamo’s net and Starukhin seemingly was not where he must be. But when the ball was in the air he suddenly was in the right place and scored with his trade-mark header.

Coming from back, jumping high and scoring – typical Starukhin. But note that Chivadze and Khinchagashvili were caught by surprise and unable to react, seemingly prepared to battle with Fedorenko (number 10) and Chilaya was not even around. Starukhin outsmarted the Georgians and ne ended alone in the air, unchallenged.

There was another surprise right after the goal – everybody expected Shakhter to move back and slow down the tempo, but instead they rushed into, accelerated the tempo and almost scored a secod goal – again Starukhin was quicker than Khinchagashvili and Chilaya out of sight. The first half ended with Shakhter not only leading 1-0, but controlling the game. Dinamo needed something else and Gutzaev started the second half instead of Tavadze. The change was logical and helpful – speedy and highly technical Gutzaev made Dinamo’s attacks more unpredictable and dangerous. At last, they equalized in the 80th minute.

Khinchagashvili and Chilaya were not effective against Starukhin, but they compensated with equalizer: Khinchagashvili (not visible) passed a good ball to Chilaya and he just shot it in the net – 1-1.

Four minutes later Shakhter scored a second goal, thanks to Pyanykh. Because of Starukhin, Shakhter were masters of set pieces – their second goal was almost a copy of the first: again a corner kick, again a player – Pyanykh instead of Starukhin this time – seemingly disinterested surprised the Georgian defense and scored with header. In the remaining 6 minutes Dinamo was unable to answer and Shakhter won.

A happy moment – Shakhter’s captain Vladimir Safonov gets the cup. Perhaps too tired to smile. Shakhter won their third cup and first trophy since 1962. Well deserved and even fair – they were one of the best Soviet clubs after 1975.

Dinamo (Tbilisi) was unable to win the cup for two consecutive years, but this was still their golden team. Sulakvelidze, Chivadze, Shengelia – difficult names, but in the 1980s the whole world learned them, for they were key players of the excellent national team of USSR. Add Gabelia, Chelebadze, Daraselia, Mudzhiri, who played for the national team too. Khinchagashvili and Gutzeav were well known in the 1970s, often playing for team USSR. David Kipiani needs no introduction. Excellent squad, perhaps a bit moody, but always a pleasure to watch. Why they lost? Small mistakes were listed by commentators: Chilaya was not the man marking Starukhin – Chivadze should have been personal marker. May be Gutzaev should have been a starter, even if injured or not at top form – with him, Shakhter’s attention would have been divided and not so concentrated on Kipiani. Wrong tactic in the second half, when Shakhter moved back and slowed down to keep their lead – the whole team of Dinamo rushed ahead in relentless, but because of that rather chaotic, attacks. They should have been more careful and cool-headed, depending on their technical superiority – keeping the ball in midfield, thus forcing Shakhter to move ahead and use the gaps in defense. Constant speedy attacks were not the best against physical team, used to sustain pressure. Substitutes were made too late – this last criticism was perhaps whimsical: Dinamo made two changes (note, that USSR allowed three changes in their domestic championships) during the final – Gutzaev started the second half, so if there was a mistake, it was not late substitute, but not starting the game with him in the first place. Chelebadze replaced Minashvili in the 75th minute – again, if there was a mistake, it was not to start the game with him. Hardly the substitutes were key factor – tactical mistake in the second half was really to blame.

Proud Cup winners. Standing from left: V. Maly, S. Zalotnitzky, L. Maly, S. Kravchenko, V. Rogovsky, V. Rudakov, V. Grachev, M. Sokolovsky, S. Morozov, N. Simonov, V. Gorbunov, V. Nosov – coach, M. Kalinin – team chief.

Crouching: L. Kondratov, V. Safonov, N. Fedorenko, V. Pyanykh, V. Starukhin, A. Varnavsky, V. Chanov.

The winners were well known and head-to-head inferior to Dinamo (Tbilisi) – and any other leading Soviet club at the time. Very few players of this squad were considered national team material – Starukhin, Sokolovksy, the missing here Degtyarev, perhaps Rogovsky and Varnavsky, eventually Viktor Chanov. And except Degtyarev, they were just that – ‘national team material’. Observed, considered, but in a very wide sense – they hardly ever played for USSR and rarely made the squad. Shakhter, unfortunately, was a provincial Ukrainian club, which automatically made them depending on the whims and needs of Dinamo (Kiev). They were not able to recruit top players, nor to keep promising talent. So, they made it with second-best players, not interesting to Dinamo or Moscow clubs. An unique player shaped their playing style – Vitaly Starukhin, arguably the only English-style center-forward in USSR. That was Shakhter’s luck, for no other club found him useful – inevitably, attacks focused on him, but Dinamo (Kiev), Spartak, Dinamo (Moscow) needed more diversity in attack, or had players like Blokhin, which were incompatible with Starukhin. He needed high balls from the wings, thus Shakhter played fast and simple kind of football – bypassing the midfield and constantly crossing long balls to feed Starukhin. Collective work at the back, fighting for the ball, then kicking it ahead and Starukhin will do the rest. It worked fine – the players did not have to be stars, it was enough to be physically fit and disciplined. It worked against Dinamo (Tbilisi) – Shakhter was able to saturate their own half with tough runners, thus killing the technical superiority of the Georgians, they needed no time or fancy work to start a counter-attack – a long ball ahead was just enough to give Starukhin a chance. And if the ball was high in the air, it was his – he hardly had a matching opponent in the air. This simple style worked against technical teams like Tbilisi and Spartak, it worked well against physical teams like Kiev. It worked well in a single game, so the cup format was perfect for Shakther. It did not work well in a long championship, though. It was an unusual and unique style in Soviet football – and very safe for Shakther: they did not have to worry about their best players, for nobody wanted them. Of this team only Viktor Chanov was taken by Dinamo (Kiev) – and that happened in 1982, when Degtyarev was still the first goalkeeping choice for Shakther.